International students in the U.S. rely on Optional Practical Training (OPT) and the STEM OPT Extension to gain valuable work experience. Understanding these opportunities at each phase—eligibility, application, and beyond—is key to maximizing their potential. This guide simplifies the process into clear, actionable stages, helping students navigate their post-graduation work opportunities.
Key Stages to Understand OPT and STEM OPT Extensions
1. Pre-Planning Stage
Before initiating the OPT process, students must:
- Understand their degree program’s alignment with OPT and STEM OPT eligibility.
- Connect with their university’s International Student Office to ensure they are familiar with key deadlines and requirements.
- Explore job opportunities or potential employers in their field to streamline the employment stage.
2. Eligibility Criteria
- OPT: Available to F-1 students enrolled full-time for at least one academic year, applicable pre- or post-graduation.
- STEM OPT Extension: Adds 24 months to OPT for students with a STEM degree from a DHS-approved program list and employment with an E-Verify-enrolled organization.
3. Application Process
For OPT:
- Request approval from your Designated School Official (DSO).
- File Form I-765 to USCIS with all required documents, including your updated I-20.
For STEM OPT Extension:
- Collaborate with your employer to prepare Form I-983 (Training Plan).
- Apply up to 90 days before your OPT ends, ensuring all additional documentation is submitted.
4. Approval and Work Start
- OPT: Employment begins on the requested start date or upon USCIS approval, usually within 3–5 months of application.
- STEM OPT Extension: Starts immediately after initial OPT, following similar approval timelines.
5. Employment Guidelines
- OPT: Students can work for up to 12 months in roles directly related to their field of study.
- STEM OPT Extension: Extends the work period to 24 months, with stricter employer requirements and training obligations.
6. Maintenance and Reporting
- OPT: Report any changes in employment, address, or contact details to your DSO within 10 days.
- STEM OPT: Fulfill additional reporting obligations, including updates on Form I-983 and semiannual validation of SEVIS records.
7. Transition Stage
At the end of OPT or STEM OPT, students must plan for:
- Further studies.
- Transitioning to an H-1B visa or another status.
- Departing the U.S. within the 60-day grace period.
8. Networking and Professional Development
During your OPT or STEM OPT tenure, focus on:
- Building a professional network within your industry.
- Gaining certifications or skills that strengthen your career profile.
- Attending industry-specific workshops, seminars, and events for exposure.
9. Special Considerations
- Cap-Gap Extension: Ensures continuity for students with pending H-1B petitions.
- Entrepreneurship: OPT and STEM OPT can be leveraged for self-employment if compliant with U.S. immigration regulations.
10. Beyond the STEM OPT
If you’re approaching the end of your STEM OPT:
- Discuss long-term opportunities with your employer, such as sponsorship for an H-1B visa.
- Plan for further education or explore other work visa options to continue your professional journey in the U.S.
Conclusion
The OPT and STEM OPT programs are vital for international students seeking practical training in the U.S. By understanding and adhering to each stage, you can maximize these opportunities and set the foundation for your career success.
For personalized guidance on OPT, STEM OPT, or Day 1 CPT opportunities, schedule a free consultation with us today!